Raden Adjeng Kartini come from the gentry or nobility Java class . She was the daughter of Raden Mas Adipati Ario Sosroningrat,
His father was the Regent of Jepara , Raden Mas Adipati Ario Sosroningrat, recorded was one of four people rank Kanjeng regent who was able to read , write and speak Dutch .
From his father's side,, Kartini lineage can be traced to Hamengkubuwana VI . Regent Sosroningrat lineage can be traced back even to the palace of the kingdom of Majapahit . Since Prince Dangirin became regent of Surabaya in the 18th century , the ancestors of Sosroningrat fill many key positions in pradja Praja .
Kartini's father was originally a district officer in Mayong ( the area north of the town of Jepara ) . Kartini was the daughter of the first wife, but not the principal wife . His mother named M.A. Ngasirah , daughter of Haji Nyai Siti Aminah and Kyai Haji Madirono , a religious teacher in Telukawu, Jepara
mother R.A Kartini namely M.A. Ngasirah itself is not highborn , but only ordinary people , therefore the time colonial Regulation requires a regent hath nobleman. Because M.A. Ngasirah not the high nobility , then his father remarried with Raden Adjeng Woerjan ( Moerjam ) , a direct descendant of King Madura . After the marriage , the Kartini 's father was appointed as regent in Jepara can replace the biological father R.A. Woerjan , R.A.A. Tjitrowikromo .
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| R.A KARTINI |
Regarding Biography and Profile R.A Kartini , he was born on 21 April 1879 in the city of Jepara , His birth was later celebrated as Kartini 's Day For honor of his services to the people of Indonesia . Kartini was born in the middle of the royal family and therefore he earned a RA ( Raden Ajeng ) in front of his name , the title itself ( Raden Ajeng ) used by Kartini before he married , a married then knighted used is RA ( Raden Ayu ) according to the Javanese tradition
Kartini was the 5th child of 11 siblings and stepfather. Of all siblings, Kartini is the eldest daughter. His grandfather, Prince R.A. Woerjan, R.A.A. Tjitrowikromo, was appointed regent at the age of 25 years and became known in the mid-19th century as one of the first district that gives higher education at that time to their children. Kartini's brother, Sosrokartono, a very intelligent man in the field of language.
Kartini allowed to attend school in the ELS (Europese Lagere School). Here Kartini then studied Dutch and attend school there until he was 12 years old because when it was, according to custom Java when the girls 12 years of age must stay home for 'seclusion' (not allowed to leave the house again. His job just waiting for the man who comes to propose. He will form a new family.)
Because R.A KARTINI could speak Dutch, then at home he began to learn on their own and wrote letters to friends correspondence coming from the Netherlands. One is Rosa Abendanon that much support. From books, newspapers, and magazines Europe From where Kartini became interested in the mindset of European women think. Kartini interested in the progress of European women. Arise desire to promote indigenous women, because he saw that indigenous women are at a low social status.
Kartini many read newspapers Semarang who nurtured Pieter De Locomotief Brooshooft, he also received leestrommel (package bookstore magazine circulated to the subscription). This includes the magazine culture and science are quite heavy, there is also a Dutch women's magazine De Hollandsche Lelie. Kartini was then several times sending his writings and published in De Hollandsche Lelie. Sometimes Kartini called one essay or quote a few sentences. His attention was not solely about the emancipation of women, but also the common social problems. Kartini also touched on religion, for example, he questioned why men can be polygamous, and why the holy book should be read and memorized without obligation to memahaminya.ketika mendenagar a pupil he was chanting, so beautiful and peaceful deemed kartini. But because the student who read Arabic language, he does not understand what could only feel alone, The verse sounds beautiful and certainly has a very deep meaning. because of the desires of curiosity and he asked the student teacher. " What is the meaning of the ayat- ayat language, why not translate our own , so we can mempelajarinaya well .
The teachers feared heresy because of lack penegetahuan about religion and misinterpretation of the authenticity of those paragraphs therefore he did not bother to translate , but translating these ayat- not a ban but a precaution against people who are not responsible . He criticized the religion teacher alone with the language and manners inggil good . and the religious teachers understand and God willing will keep the mandate .
R.A KARTINI I got religion but I do not understand my religion then how can I learn about my religion , whether verses only to read and memorize what Understanding Your tampa course content and purpose of these verses .
R.A KARTINI saw the struggle of women to obtain their freedom , autonomy and legal equality as part of a broader movement . Among the books read Kartini before the age of 20 , there is the title of Max Havelaar and Love Letters Multatuli . De Stille Kraacht ( Magical Power ) by Louis Coperus . Then the work of Van Eeden , Augusta de Witt 's work is mediocre , roman - feminist work Goekoop de - Jong Mrs Van Beek and an anti - war romance bouquet of Berta Von Suttner , Die Waffen Nieder (Put Weapons ) . All of them speak Dutch .
The letters that Kartini wrote many such complaints about the condition of indigenous women in which he saw an example of Javanese culture that when it is more inhibiting the progression of native women at the time. It was also revealed in his writing that there are many constraints faced by indigenous women , especially in Java to be more advanced . lofty ideals of R.A Kartini is he wants to see indigenous women can seek knowledge and learn what it is today . New ideas about emancipation or equality of indigenous women if Kartini , considered a novelty that can change society's views. In addition , the writings of Kartini also contains namely the significance of belief , wisdom and beauty , humanity and nationalism .
R.A KARTINI wrote suffering of women in Java like to be secluded, not free in studying or learning, as well as their indigenous me-ngekang women's freedom. When entering a period of 'waiting' man who would come to propose to her (future seclusion), by reading bubu-books and other magazines that insight and knowledge even more open. He even grew to understand, customs must be held firm and strong, turned out to be tightly bound. Customs are contrary to their nature as human beings. He was very confident. God never ever one created him as a human being of female sex. What is clear is one of God's creatures called humans who created it mores! Customs which make ideals like touching the sky! Kartini was very agitated. Repeatedly he asked himself, why does it have to happen? Why men do not have to experience as experienced himself and his people? But he could not find a satisfactory answer anxiety. He knew, it was all because of their very strong fence named mores. Kartini also conceived a desire to jump the fence very powerful and he sure could. He was able to pursue his dream to become a teacher. But who can not afford and could not do was mencorengkan charcoal on the forehead of her parents. Pendobrakannya at customs will surely make her parents to shame and humiliation highly. Obviously he did not dare and did not intend to make the father and mother to shame and humiliation for his behavior. However, what should he do? R.A KARTINI did not know the exact answer. And it's getting made him uneasy.
Her friend Rosa Abendanon Dutch woman , and Estelle "Stella " Zeehandelaar also supports the ideas expressed by R.A Kartini .
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| BUKU HABIS GELAP TERBITLAH TERANG OLEH R.A KARTINI |
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| BUKU PANGGIL AKU KARTINI OLEH R.A KARTINI |
Everything that is troubling him, all that occupied the minds and thoughts and all that she felt with nature as a Javanese woman expressed through letters which then dispatches to his close friend, Abendanon, who became Director of Teaching Netherlands. Later, a collection of Kartini's letters were recorded and titled Door Duistemis tot Licht (Out of Darkness to Light). In addition to personal letters to Abendanon, Kartini also sent a letter to get a scholarship to study in the Netherlands.
Even within the walls of seclusion yet Kartini know, there was a very intelligent young man who needed a scholarship to continue his education. The young man was not from his tribe. He came from Minangkabau, West Sumatra. Agus Salim name. Kartini want to do good for his countrymen's friend. He returned to the Netherlands sent a letter requesting that the scholarship was awarded to Agus Salim. Unfortunately, Agus Salim did not take advantage of the kindness Kartini on the grounds that only Agus Salim alone knows.
Kartini instantly forget the beauty of the learning environment in the Netherlands when he had opened the door of his own household . He has been married . He has belonged to a man . He had to serve him with the best as did her mother to her father . By her parents , Kartini told to marry a regent of Rembang, K.R.M. Adipati Ario Singgih Djojo Adhiningrat, who already had three wives . Kartini married on November 12 , 1903. Her husband understood Kartini desires and Kartini given the freedom to establish schools and supported women in the east gate Apex district office complex , or in a building that is now used as a Boy Scout Building.
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SCOUT BUILDING SCHOOL BUILDING DURING R.A KARTINI rembabang city
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The first and last child at the same time , Soesalit Djojoadhiningrat , was born on September 13, 1904. A few days later , on September 17 , 1904, Kartini died at the age of 25 years . Kartini was buried in the village of Bulu, Bulu subdistrict , Rembang city.
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| pemakaman dari r.a kartini |
Thanks to his perseverance Kartini , then founded School of Women by the Kartini Foundation in Semarang in 1912 , and then in Surabaya , Yogyakarta , Malang , Madiun , Cirebon and other areas . The school name is " Kartini Schools " . Kartini Foundation was founded by the family Van Deventer , a figure Ethical Policy
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| yayasan katini |
After Kartini died, Mr. J.H. Abendanon collect and record the letters which had been sent R.A Kartini to his friends in Europe. Abendanon then served as Minister of Culture, Religion, and Crafts Indies. The book was entitled "Door Duisternis tot Licht which literally means" From Darkness Into Light "". Book collection of Kartini's letters was published in 1911. This book is printed five times, and at last there is an additional mold Kartini's letters. In 1922, Balai Pustaka published in Malay with a title that translates to Out of Darkness to Light: Boeah Mind, which is a translation by the Four Brothers. Then in 1938, out Out of Darkness to Light version Armijn a poet poet New Pane. Armijn divides the book into five chapters discussion to indicate a change in thinking Kartini all the time correspondence. This version was printed as many as eleven times. Kartini's letters in English has also been translated by Agnes L. Symmers. In addition, Kartini's letters also been translated into languages Javanese and Sundanese.
Publication of Kartini's letters , a native woman , very interesting Dutch society , and Kartini's thoughts began to change the view of Dutch society against indigenous women in Java . Kartini's thoughts contained in his letters was also the inspiration for the national awakening figures Indonesia , among others W.R. Soepratman who created a song called Ibu Kita Kartini . Now the song is very popular among students across the country . The song describes the core of our mother Kartini women's struggle for independence . Now the women's liberation embodied in the concept of women's emancipation .
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five rupiah currency display R.A KARTINI |
song "IBU KITA KARTINI"
Ibu kita Kartini
Putri sejati
Putri Indonesia
Harum namanya
Ibu kita Kartini
Pendekar bangsa
Pendekar kaumnya
Untuk merdeka
Wahai ibu kita Kartini
Putri yang mulia
Sungguh besar cita-citanya
Bagi Indonesia
Ibu kita Kartini
Putri jauhari
Putri yang berjasa
Se Indonesia
Ibu kita Kartini
Putri yang suci
Putri yang merdeka
Cita-citanya
Wahai ibu kita Kartini
Putri yang mulia
Sungguh besar cita-citanya
Bagi Indonesia
Ibu kita Kartini
Pendekar bangsa
Pendeka kaum ibu
Se-Indonesia
Ibu kita Kartini
Penyuluh budi
Penyuluh bangsanya
Karena cintanya
Wahai ibu kita Kartini
Putri yang mulia
Sungguh besar cita-citanya
Bagi Indonesia
created by
W.R. Supratman
wilkipedia sources , the history of Indonesia , and information from other web, thanks all.
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